Phonics refers to a method for teaching speakers of English to read and write that language. Phonics involves teaching how to connect the sounds of spoken English with letters or groups of letters (e.g., that the sound /k/ can be represented by c, k, ck, ch, or q spellings) and teaching them to blend the sounds of letters together to produce approximate pronunciations of unknown words.
Alphabetic principle : English spelling is based on the alphabetic principle. In an alphabetic writing system, letters are used to represent phonemes- the sounds made in speech. For example, the word pat is spelled with three letters, p, a, and t, each representing a phoneme, respectively, /p/, /æ/, and /t/.[5].
Below is an outline of the systematic reading approach implemented by Skinner Private School:
*******sight words : common words in English language can be introduced between units 1 and 9*********
Unit 1: The first step is to teach the letters of the alphabet and their coresponding sounds. Some letters make more than one sound (such as the letter c) and it it is important to teach both.
Unit 2: The vowel sounds are the next to teach, short first then long. At this point three or four letter words can be read with what is learned.
Unit 3: After teaching the short vowel sounds, it is important to teach the one letter long vowel combinations (with the e at the end of the word). teach corresponding sight or spelling words along side.
Resources for teaching short vowel sounds:
short vowel spelling/ reading words
Short vowel sight words
short vowel sounds flash cards with pictures
short vowel reading practice story
online short vowels phonic games k-2
Practice blending short vowels
rules for short vowel sounds
Resources for teaching long vowel sounds
long vowel rule word list (Final e rule)
short vowel to long vowel word pairs
short/long vowel words activity
long vowel reading practice story
long vowel sounds games k-2
long vowel sounds final e rule word game
long vowel sounds flash cards with pictures
Rules for long vowel sounds
unit 4a: next you should teach consonant clusters followed by digraphs (or/ and more advanced vowel sound combinations in units 5 through 9). This is a good time to introduce compound words if you have not done so already.
Resources for teaching consonant cluster blends and digraphs:
initial consonant cluster word list
four letter final consonant cluster word list
consonant digraphs word lists
beginning consonant blends flash cards with pictures
word blender consonant clusters game
rules for blends
rules for digraphs
unit 5: other short vowel sounds and their corresponding spelling ( r-controlled vowels)
unit 6: long vowel words - one vowel
unit 7: long vowel words- two vowels next to each other making one sound
unit 8: long vowel words - two vowels next to each other making two sounds (dipthongs)
unit 9: rule breakers - sounds like short vowel instead of long
unit 10: plurals and tense spelling changes
unit 11: prefixes
unit 12: suffixes
These are the steps to teaching reading. The comprehension comes with increased fluency and vocabulary development. Reading often (material that is level and vocabulary appropriate, increasing in difficulty), and listening to books on tape or someone reading outloud to you in a fluent manner with expression, help develop the fluency and comprehension needed to become a proficient reader.
To learn the importance of systematic phonics instruction you can read the article Phonics Instruction published by the the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
Detailed instructions, links for teaching all of the units, and video models for implementing these steps are available only for students enrolled in the the Skinner Private School Phonics Instruction Online Course.
"When we have knowledge and wisdom, we are better able to discern truth from error and make good choices. Education and literacy are also keys to personal growth, preparation for suitable employment, building strong families, service in the Church, and making a meaningful contribution to the society in which we live."
President Eyring
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